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In 1927 the Łódź City Council established nine institutions for children with behavior problems. In total, about 575 charges passed through these institutions. The boarding-house at the Special School (No. 93 Nawrot Street) could support 50…

In the interwar years, those overseeing the welfare of children and youths made it a priority to provide them with recreational activities during the summer. Each year, a relatively small number of children—mainly those under special care of the…

Those running the summer camps were committed to round-the-clock comprehensive child care. Here, at a camp located in Rabka, we are offered a view of the clinic, where a nurse is busy taking care of young patients.

Children were assured consistent, high-quality nutrition for the duration of their stay at the summer camps. In this photograph, children are gathered at lunchtime in the dining hall at a camp located in Rabka.

Summer day camps were organized by the local government of Łodź, and offered on a regular basis to public-school children aged 7–14 and recruited (irrespective of ethnicity or religion) from the poorest working-class neighborhoods. Summer day camps…

The green areas in two Łódź city parks were offered up for use to the summer day camps. The first such a location was Prince Józef Poniatowski Park, and the second, established in the early 1920s, was the Park May 3rd, which served as a meeting place…

Summer day camps were held in two courses during the vacation months (July and August), on a daily basis (excluding holidays) from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Camp attendees were entitled to three free meals a day. Here the photographer has happened upon…

The activities of the summer day-camp took place in the space of two large playing fields. A swimming pool was located nearby. Twin lounges were constructed next to the fields to serve the needs of the children. The photograph pictures the inside of…

World War I was a difficult time for Łódź inhabitants. Food and supplies aid for the poorest residents was overseen and coordinated by local government—initially by the Main Citizens' Council and later by the City Hall and City Council. These local…

This delousing facility was but one of many in Łódź at the time of the First World War. Official policy required boys and men being treated at such facilities to have their heads shaved. Here we see this service rendered by a man in medical garb.