Browse Items (226 total)

The Goldbergs remember their first date, and the song “The Forgotten Alley” by Albert Harris, written in Soviet exile during World War II, recalls the home and family he left behind. These memories set the stage for exploring the history of the…

The living conditions in Bałuty were very difficult. Families crowded into small apartments, and the streets were filled with filth. The Bałuty district was predominantly inhabited by Jews, but some buildings were multiethnic and inhabitants…

During World War I, Jews fought for the Poland's independence in the Polish Legions and later took part in the Polish-Soviet War. In the interwar period, Jews, like other Polish citizens, were drafted for military service. Jewish soldiers took part…

The rhythm of life in Bałuty was marked by the Shabbat and Jewish holidays. Łódź had six synagogues, but most residents worshipped in one of the hundreds of shtibelekh (small prayer rooms). Friday evenings and Saturdays were a time of rest, with…

Jewish women traditionally managed the household and raised children, a major task in a world of large families and limited conveniences. Observing kosher laws added further demands to their daily routines. Women also outside the home as servants,…

Vacations were a luxury most Bałuty residents couldn’t afford. Instead, people enjoyed their leisure time in local parks, such as Julianów Park, where they engaged in winter and water sports. Traveling circuses included some Jewish performers and…

Children in Bałuty, like those all over the world, played simple games, such as pretend house, school, or shop. Boys played ball, while girls took care of dolls. After school, they often played games outside. Many enjoyed storytelling and creating…

Jewish education in Bałuty traditionally started in the cheder, where young boys learned Hebrew and later studied the Torah; sometimes even girls attended these lessons. After Poland regained independence, compulsory education was introduced in Łódź,…

The impoverished Jewish residents of Bałuty struggled to find work, often working in small factories or as artisans, such as weavers, tailors, and shoemakers, while others were involved in trade. Children were also sent to work at a young age to help…

In the poor district Bałuty, radios and phonographs were scarce, but young people still enjoyed music during social gatherings at dance halls and cinemas. Some marriages were still arranged by professional matchmakers, but in the early 20th century,…