Browse Items (226 total)

November 11th was treated as a special day in the Second People's Republic. On this day, military parades were organized and important celebrations were held at the state level. In addition, during a special ceremony held at the Presidential Palace…

Article 1 of a ruling announced in the Journal of Laws, Isuue 33, for April 23, 1937 reads: "The day of November 11, marking the anniversary of the attainment of national independence by the Polish People and permanently bound up with the great name…

By a ruling of Parliament on April 23, 1937, National Independence Day was designated a Polish state holiday—and, significantly, a day off from work. Previously, it had been a day off only for educators and government administration. This photo…

This photo pictures some dozen Jewish boys at their studies in a cheder. The Melamed (teacher), seated at the center of the school bench, is surrounded on both sides by boys reading from books. Other boys wait patiently behind the bench.

This photograph presents one of the many delousing facilities in Łódź at the time of the First World War. Official policy required girls and women being treated at such facilities to have their heads shaved. Here we see this service rendered by a man…

During World War I, the material and medical conditions in which Łódź residents lived were dire. The lack of detergents, especially of regular soap, made proper upkeep of personal hygiene nearly impossible. Communicable diseases such as cholera,…

This delousing facility was but one of many in Łódź at the time of the First World War. Official policy required boys and men being treated at such facilities to have their heads shaved. Here we see this service rendered by a man in medical garb.

World War I was a difficult time for Łódź inhabitants. Food and supplies aid for the poorest residents was overseen and coordinated by local government—initially by the Main Citizens' Council and later by the City Hall and City Council. These local…

A view of what used to be Kolejowa Street (present-day Traugutta Street) looking in the direction of Kiliński Street. Carts are lined up waiting to enter the coal yard located within the Fabryczna Train Station confines.

In 1895 the 3rd Division of the Łódź Fire Department was moved from Piotrkowska Street to No. 54 Mikołajewska (Sienkiewicz) Street. After the creation of the Association of Volunteer Fire Brigades of the Republic of Poland in September 1921, No. 54…